​Between the mid to late 1990’s, the development and introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (c-ART) transformed the landscape of HIV care for those with access to treatment.

To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive prospective study investigating the longitudinal impact of acute HIV-1 infection in an HIV-1 hyperendemic area such as the Manhiça district in Mozambique. This unique study confirms and extends previous findings in non-human primate models and provides critical insights into the impact of infections in the gut microbiome as well as into the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.